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Lymphangitis and Lymphadenitis
Lymphangitis refers to a bacterial infection within the lymph channels. Lymphadenitis refers to the bacterial infection of the lymph nodes (glands) and is often seen with lymphangitis. The lymphatic system is a complicated arrangement of vessels that provides a defense mechanism against bacterial invasion. Lymphangitis often results from an infected wound (cut or abrasion). Cat scratches often lead to a common form of lymphangitis known as cat scratch disease. In cases of this kind, the patient will develop swollen, tender glands in the area of the injury. Common symptoms include red streaks extending upwards from the wound toward the trunk, localized swelling, pain, and tenderness in the affected area. Swollen glands (lymph nodes) may be noticed in areas around the infection site. Patients with lymphangitis may also have a fever. Evaluation is by medical history and physical examination. The diagnosis is usually confirmed by physical examination. Blood tests may be done in the diabetic, elderly, or immunocompromised patient. Puncture wounds may have retained foreign matter (causing the infection), requiring surgical exploration and removal.
Treatment, in most cases, is with oral antibiotics. Close medical follow-up is suggested to document recovery. Warm, wet compresses to the site, elevation of the affected extremity, and rest to that area will speed healing. Injectable antibiotics (shots) may be used for more extensive infections. Swollen tender lymph nodes may abscess, requiring an incision and drainage procedure (by the doctor), before recovery can be completed. Hospital admission for treatment may be necessary in patients with advanced infections, diabetes, advanced age, or those otherwise immunocompromised.
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