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Multiple Sclerosis
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a degenerative neurologic disease involving certain components of the central nervous system (brain). Its cause is unknown, but several theories have been entertained. The symptoms of MS are secondary to inflammation in specific areas of the nervous system. Destruction of the insulating sheath that normally coats the nerve fibers leads to scarring (sclerosis). It has been theorized that a virus may be responsible for the destructive changes seen in the central nervous system. MS commonly presents with the first "attack" of symptoms between the ages of 20 and 40. Attacks become more frequent and more severe over a period of time. Heredity may play an important role, because the risk of developing this disease is greater if there is a family history for MS. Women have a slightly higher risk than men. Common symptoms are variable but include: double vision, extremity weakness, numbness, bladder dysfunction, and movement or coordination problems that can be seen alone, or in any combination. Brief pains and "electric shock" sensations have also been described. Evaluation will include history and physical examination by a Neurologist. Spinal tap (lumbar puncture) can be diagnostic for MS. CT-scanning and magnetic resonance scanning of the head may also reveal characteristic changes of multiple sclerosis. EEG is also used as part of the evaluation for this problem. Steroid medications and antispasmodics (for muscle spasms) have been used to treat exacerbations of this chronic and progressive disease. The average life expectancy is more than 35 years after the first onset of the disease. The Neurologist will be the expert in the management of this disease.
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