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Myasthenia Gravis
Myasthenia gravis, or MG is a disease of unknown origin, and entails abnormal functioning of the immune system. Antibodies are [normally] produced in the body to fight infection (bacteria). In MG, antibodies are produced which react with normal body tissue. Myasthenia gravis is characterized by episodic weakness or paralysis of the voluntary muscles. MG is rare and has an incidence in 2-10 people per 100,000 population. Females are affected 2-3 times more often than males. Most cases present between 20 and 40 years of age. MG has a mortality rate of about 20% . Common symptoms include weakness of the eye muscles, double vision, and a drooping eyelid. Limb and facial muscles may also be weak in groups or singly. Difficulty swallowing and slurred speech are also common manifestations. Evaluation includes medical history and physical examination by a Neurologist expert in the diagnosis of this disease. Diagnosis can be confirmed through the administration of an injectable medication which reverses the effects of MG. CT-scanning of the neck and thyroid can reveal a thyroid tumor (thymoma) in a number of patients with MG. EMG (electromyogram) is an important test for the diagnosis of MG. Treatment involves the utilization of oral medications which work to block the effects of MG. Serious side effects of these medications are possible, appearing as marked weakness, breathing difficulty, and, in rare instances, respiratory arrest. Acute exacerbations (attacks) of MG can also cause severe weakness to the point of being life threatening. Patients with MG require close medical follow-up and treatment by a Neurologist.
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