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What is Mononucleosis?
Mononucleosis (Mono) is a viral infection (Epstein-Barr virus) commonly spread as an upper respiratory infection. Mononucleosis is sometimes referred to as the "kissing disease" for it's ability to be spread from one person to another. Any contact with oral secretions from an infected individual can give rise to this disease (e.g. shared eating utensils, shared cups). Often seen in the student population, it is responsible for small and sporadic epidemics on college campuses. See chronic fatigue syndrome for a discussion of chronic Epstein-Barr virus infection syndrome. Common symptoms and findings of this disease include: sore throat, swollen lymph nodes ("glands") in the neck, weakness, and fatigue that persists anywhere from days to weeks. A mild form of hepatitis (liver inflammation) can also occur with mononucleosis. This can result in pain to the right upper quadrant of the abdomen.
Evaluation involves physical examination which will reveal swollen glands and tonsillitis. There may be some mild tenderness over the liver. Lab studies will include the monospot, CBC, and throat culture to rule out strep throat which is often confused with mononucleosis on physical examination. A liver profile may show mild elevations in liver enzymes. Treatment is supportive and infections are resolved without medications. Because it is a viral infection, antibiotics are ineffective. When strep throat coexists with mononucleosis, treatment with oral antibiotics is required. The penicillins (i.e. Ampicillin) can occasionally cause a rash in those who are taking this antibiotic and have active mononucleosis. Bedrest, liberal fluid intake, and low doses of acetaminophen can reduce pain and fever. Rest and good nutrition are crucial in assisting the immune system to fight this infection. Most cases will go away in 2-3 weeks but medical follow-up is suggested. Rare complications of splenic rupture (damage to the spleen) and Guillain-Barre' syndrome (a neurologic complication that involves paralysis of the limbs) have been reported.
Hope this article will provide you information about mononucleosis.
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