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Hypothyroidism
Hypothyroidism refers to the underproduction of thyroid hormone in the thyroid gland. Enlargement of the thyroid gland secondary to inadequate dietary iodine is known as thyroid goiter (this is rare in the U.S.). The thyroid gland is responsible for regulating metabolism and growth in the body. The thyroid gland is regulated by another gland known as the pituitary gland (located at the base of the brain). The thyroid is a butterfly shaped gland located in the neck, adjacent to the windpipe.
CAUSES OF HYPOTHYROIDISM
1. PRIMARY HYPOTHYROIDISM (under production of thyroid hormone due to a problem with the thyroid gland). A common cause of primary hypothyroidism is known as Hashimoto's thyroiditis. This disorder is caused by an autoimmune mechanism which leads to the destruction of the thyroid and the eventual underproduction of thyroid hormone.
2. SECONDARY HYPOTHYROIDISM (under production of thyroid hormone due to lack of stimulation by the pituitary gland) Common symptoms include: cold intolerance, thin, dry and brittle hair, fatigue, weakness, low body temperature (less than 98 degrees F.), unexplained weight gain, and dry skin. Evaluation will include history and physical examination. Blood tests (i.e thyroid profile, blood counts and blood chemistry) will be performed. The thyroid profile will show a low hormone level consistent with this diagnosis. A nuclear thyroid scan may be indicated in some cases. Treatment includes supplementation with a synthetic (man-made) thyroid hormone (Synthroid). Close medical follow-up is necessary to determine the proper dose necessary to maintain normal metabolic function. The Internist or Endocrinologist are the experts in the management of this disorder.
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