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Pediatrics : Febrile Seizures
A febrile seizure is a generalized convulsion which occurs as a response to a rapid rise in body temperature (fever). Febrile seizures are most commonly seen in children 6 months to 4 years of age, although they are sometimes seen later in childhood. Estimates suggest febrile seizures occur in 3-4 % of the pediatric population. Usually, the seizure is harmless and lasts only a couple of minutes. Typical findings include: eyes rolling back, a stiffening posture, and there may be shaking of arms and legs. Prolonged seizures may indicate the possibility of causes other than fever. The source of the fever can be from a viral or bacterial infection, and this determination must be made by the physician emergently. Occasionally, fever, seizures, and stiff neck can indicate meningitis. Meningitis is a serious bacterial infection that requires emergency evaluation
FIRST AID FOR A SEIZURE
1. Have child lie down, with his left side down.
2. Keep the airway clear of vomit.
3. Call ambulance personnel immediately, or bring the child to the emergency room.
Evaluation of a seizure will include history and physical examination for any clues to infection. Chest x-ray, blood counts, and urinalysis may be necessary to identify the unknown infection source. Children who appear more ill, with no obvious source of infection, may require a spinal tap to rule out meningitis. In those children with an unexplained seizure, further evaluation by a Neurologist will be required. Tests such as EEG, MRI, or CT-scanning of the head may be part of the evaluation. Treatment of uncomplicated febrile seizures starts with good fever control. Check temperature every four hours (rectal temperatures best in babies). Use acetaminophen every four hours in the following dosages.4-6 milligrams of acetaminophen per pound of body weight or 1 grain of acetaminophen for each year of age, up to 10 grains total (1 regular strength acetaminophen is 5 grains). DO NOT use aspirin. Acetaminophen is widely available without prescription as chewable tablets and liquid (dropper for infants). Some physicians may prescribe an ibuprofen containing medication for fever control (Pedia-Profen). Tub baths or sponging with tepid (room temp) water will also be helpful. DO NOT bundle up your child when they have a fever. Children will lose heat effectively through their skin if left uncovered. Feel free to ask your doctor for any assistance. Prolonged seizure activity may require anticonvulsant therapy and more extensive evaluation through the expertise of a Neurologist.
Hope this article will provide you information about pediatrics : febrile seizures.
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