Scorpion Bites
The reaction to the bite of a scorpion can be quite varied, depending on the species involved. MOST scorpion bites produce a mild localized skin reaction,with burning pain and swelling. A few species may cause greater swelling (up the limb) that resolves over several days. Allergic reactions, some quite severe, may also occur. These reactions may manifest as generalized itching, with lip and facial swelling. More severe reactions can cause tongue or laryngeal (voice box) swelling, which can compromise the function of the airway (breathing). Asthma-like symptoms are also possible. Allergic reactions represent a true EMERGENCY and must be treated by a physician promptly.
Some species of scorpion (bark scorpion, yellow scorpion, and whip scorpion) located in the SOUTHWEST, particularly Arizona, directly effect the nervous system. These bites can be more serious and about 4 deaths are reported per year. ANY scorpion bite in Arizona requires IMMEDIATE EMERGENCY EVALUATION. Conservative management is all that is necessary for most scorpion bites [with the exception noted above] that do not result in an allergic reaction. Small children should be seen PROMPTLY by a physician. Due to the small size of children, the envenomation can be more severe. Routine soapy cleansings of the site with application of an antibiotic ointment will suffice. Elevation of the injured extremity along with application of cold compresses to the site, can help reduce swelling. Antihistamine medication (Benadryl) will aid in reducing the itching. Continued observation of the bite site for signs of delayed infection (increased pain at the site, increased swelling, redness, red streaks, or fever) is important. IMMEDIATE physician evaluation and treatment with oral antibiotics will be necessary in these cases. Close medical follow-up is suggested. Tetanus vaccination should be within 5 years.
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