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Marine StingsThere are a number of common marine fauna which can cause injury to humans: STING RAYS - This injury involves a puncture wound from the spiny barb which is located on the sting ray's tail. Beach goers, fishermen, and others usually fall victim to this injury by stepping on a sting ray. The sting ray's natural posture is to "whip up" its tail, driving the barb into the lower leg, ankle, or foot before breaking off. An intense burning pain ensues. The possibility of a retained portion of the barb within the wound exists. TREATMENT with HOT water soaks, as soon, and as often as possible, will help destroy the venom, thus alleviating the pain. If a portion of the barb is visible, do not attempt to remove it since it will likely break off at the skin, resulting in a more difficult retrieval for the Emergency Physician. Suspicion of a retained barb (within the wound) will require x-rays. Tetanus status must be up to date, and preventative antibiotics may be indicated in some cases (e.g. deep foot punctures, retained barb, or diabetic patients). Close attention for any SIGNS OF INFECTION is advised. Increased swelling, redness, pain, fever, or discharge from the wound are the most common indicators of bacterial infection. The above TREATMENT will also be effective for: * CATFISH * VENOMOUS SHARK FIN STINGS * SCORPION FISH * CROWN OF THORNS * SURGEONFISH STINGS * CONE SHELL STINGS * STONEFISH STINGS * STARFISH STINGS * SOME SEA URCHIN STINGS * JELLYFISH - Management of this type injury varies from those mentioned above. TREATMENT in these cases consists of removing the tentacles with forceps or pliers (they can penetrate a gloved hand). Application of household vinegar or alcohol to the site to remove any cysts of venom, followed by HOT diluted AMMONIA soaks (1 part ammonia to 2 parts water) for up to 1 hour, will reduce pain. Gentle cleansing of any areas of irritation and the application of an antibiotic ointment will suffice. Warm water compresses may also be continued. Tetanus vaccination must be within 5 years, and observation for the SIGNS OF INFECTION (mentioned above) will be important. Acetaminophen, aspirin, or anti-inflammatories (ibuprofen) can help reduce pain. The above TREATMENT will also be effective for: * PORTUGUESE MAN-OF-WAR * ANEMONES * HYDROIDS * STINGING FIRE CORAL
|  Hip Dislocation Hip Fracture Insect Stings and Spider Bites Human and Animal Bites Shoulder Injury Fracture Toxic Inhalations and Carbon Monoxide Poisoning Facial Injury Jaw Fracture and Dislocation Kidney Injury Knee Injury General Considerations Knee Injury Contusion Knee Injury Fracture Knee Injury Sprain Stab Wounds Leg Injury Fractures and Contusions Leg Injury Shin Splints Lightning Injury Oral and Tongue Injuries Nasal Fracture or Contusion Neck Injury General Considerations Neck Injury Fracture Neck Injury Spinal Cord Injury Pelvic Bone Fracture Puncture Wounds Chest Injury Rib Fracture Back Injury Sacrococcygeal Injury Scorpion Bites Abrasion Injuries Shoulder Injury Clavicle Fracture Shoulder Injury Strains and Sprains Snakebite Neck Injury Spinal Cord Injury Abdominal Injury Ruptured Spleen Foot Injury Toe Fracture and Sprain Vaginal or Vulvar Injury Drowning and Near Drowning |
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