Facial Injury : General Considerations
It is quite rare for an isolated facial injury to cause death. However, any compromise of an important sensory function (vision) or potential for cosmetic disfigurement, make this injury substantially important to both physician and patient. Facial injuries can be caused by blunt or penetrating mechanisms (baseball bats vs. stab wounds). Injury to eyes, nose, jaw, midface, or soft tissue are all
possibilities and can occur in any combination. Special consideration is givento patients with facial injury and NECK PAIN since this could indicate a cervical (neck) fracture.
FACIAL fractures (breaks in the facial bones) can be difficult to diagnose, even with appropriate x-rays. Most facial fractures will not require surgery. EYE injuries resulting in any change in vision (blurred or double), require IMMEDIATE medical attention. Injury to the JAW can lead to an inability to open or close the mouth. This symptom often indicates a jaw fracture. Bleeding or swelling in the mouth can lead to compromised breathing.
NASAL fractures are more serious when the bony fragments of the nose are misaligned, or protruding through lacerations in the skin.
DENTAL injuries may need prompt attention if secondary teeth (adult) are loosened or avulsed (knocked out).
EAR injuries can result in loss of hearing or disfigurement to the external ear.
ORAL injuries (inside the mouth) can lead to airway obstruction, profuse bleeding, or secondary infection.
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